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Metal joining has a long history dating back millennia. The earliest examples of this may be found in Europe and the Middle East during the Bronze and Iron Ages. A weld is a metal coalescence formed by heating to an appropriate temperature with or without pressure, and with or without the introduction of a filler substance. Modern advancements in iron-making technology, particularly the development of cast iron, have limited welding. But the need for a continuous junction on big steel plates led to the development of modern fusion welding methods. At the close of the nineteenth century, gas welding, arc welding, and resistance welding all made their debuts. A gas flame (chemical), an electric arc (electrical), a laser, an electron beam, friction, and ultrasound are all examples of energy sources that can be utilised for welding.
This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to welding. It describes in detail the various concepts and theories related to the field. The book is well designed based on different chapters such as electricity in welding, arc welding, gas welding, and power sources for welding. This field encompasses the concepts of other related areas like TIG welding, plasma welding, MIG/MAG welding, pressure welding methods and robot welding. The topics included in this book are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. For someone with an interest and eye for detail, this book covers the most significant developments related to the field of welding.
Lavenia Stegall obtained her M.Sc. in Welding Engineering from Public University, Bedford. She specializes in gas welding, metal-joining techniques and soldering and has contributed extensively in the same through her works. She is an Associate Professor at Community College, León. Stegall has authored numerous articles and books, which have been published worldwide. She was also awarded the “Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching” award for her outstanding contribution to the researcher community in the field of metal and silverworks.